Research Expertise and Interest
chromosome remodeling and reorganization during meiosis, chromosome structure and function, higher order chromosome structure, cell cycle controls, spatial pattern formation in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Research Description
For genetic information to be transmitted from parent to progeny through sexual reproduction, chromosomes must undergo a special division process called meiosis. Errors in this process lead to aneuploidy and are a major cause of human birth defects such as Down syndrome. Research done in the Dernburg Lab is investigating how chromosomes are reorganized during this unique cell cycle by combining high-resolution imaging of chromosomes in situ and in vivo with the molecular genetic advantages of C. elegans. A fundamental goal of their work is to understand how specific DNA sequences confer not only gene expression patterns but also the large-scale 3dimensional organization of the genome.
Current Projects
Dissecting the function of meiotic Pairing Centers. When most people think of genomics, they often consider only the portion of the genome containing protein coding and expression information. Abby Dernburg's research group is interested how information encoded within the genome controls global chromosome architecture and mediates interactions between chromosomes and other components of the cellular machinery. In all eukaryotes, simple, repetitive sequence elements play major roles in chromosome structure and inheritance functions. For example, work in a variety of organisms has elucidated the behavior of centromeres and telomeres, two types of sites containing noncoding sequences with fundamental roles in chromosome organization and function. They are exploring the function of another type of cisacting site that is much more poorly understood: meiotic Pairing Centers. In C. elegans, these specific sites on each of the six chromosomes are essential for meiotic recombination and accurate segregation.
New tools for understanding noncoding DNA sequences have become available through genome sequencing efforts. C. elegans is unusual in that its genome assemblies now include virtually all of the so-called "junk DNA" - the simplesequence repetitive elements, or heterochromatin. Through bioinformatics, the research them has identified a unique repetitive element whose genomic distribution corresponds precisely with the location of meiotic Pairing Centers, and they are currently testing whether this sequence can mediate homologous interactions during meiosis. Using classical and reverse genetics, they have also identified a number of genes that interact with the Pairing Centers, and they are working to understand how their encoded proteins contribute to the function of these sites.
Meiotic chromosome dynamics in vivo. A major goal of our lab is to understand how the biophysical properties of chromosomes are modulated during meiosis, and how these properties control behaviors such as homolog pairing and recombination. Because C. elegans is optically transparent, they can observe these dynamic events as they occur in living animals. The research team has recorded large-scale chromosome movements during the stages of homolog pairing and synapsis using high-resolution 4-dimensional imaging. We are identifying the molecules driving this movement, and developing methods to describe these dynamics quantitatively. A key goal for the future is to implement automated methods to extract information from complex 4-D images.
